AOL’s “Censorship”

by on April 22, 2006 · 12 comments

Declan has a long and interesting argument between Suresh Ramasubramanian, who’s the postmaster for several million email users, and Danny O’Brien, an EFF activist coordinator.

A couple of weeks ago, AOL’s email system briefly blocked any email that had the dearaol.com URL in it. EFF responded by accusing AOL of deliberate censorship:

“This proves the DearAOL.com Coalition’s point entirely: left to their own devices, AOL will always put its own self-interest ahead of the public interest in a free and open Internet,” said Timothy Karr, campaign director of Free Press, a national, nonpartisan organization working on media reform and Internet policy issues. “AOL wants us to believe they won’t hurt free email when their pay-to-send system is up and running. But if AOL is willing to censor the flow of information now to silence their critics, how could anyone trust that they will preserve the free and open Internet down the road? Their days of saying ‘trust us’ are over–their credibility is zero, zip, nada.”

But as Ramasubramanian persuasively argues, it’s likely this was an honest mistake on AOL’s part: a few AOL users probably got unsolicited emails from DearAOL’s “send this to a friend” feature and flagged them as spam. AOL’s system probably concluded from that that dearaol.com is a spam address and started blocking emails that mention it. AOL fixed the problem within a matter of hours.

Ramasubramanian rightly takes EFF to task for crying censorship without making any attempt to resolve the problem with AOL first. Administering email for tens of millions of people is a difficult job. It’s especially difficult when those users are clamoring to reduce the amount of spam in their inboxes. We can and should criticize AOL when its system screws up, so that consumers are aware of any problems, (personally, I much prefer email servers that leave the spam-filtering to the client side) but it’s not helpful or reasonable to immediately become confrontational about it.

I think this accentuates what makes the DearAOL campaign wrongheaded in the first place. EFF is rightly vigilant about censorship by the government because we only have one government and it has immense power. We can’t afford to give the government the benefit of the doubt because if the government abuses its power it has the potential to shut down the expression of views it disapproves of. Once we give up a freedom to the government, we may never get it back.

The AOL situation is very different. There are plenty of ways to communicate outside of AOL’s email service, so it’s unlikely that AOL would have much success preventing the discussion of ideas it doesn’t like. Moreover, unlike the government, AOL has competitors. If it begins doing obnoxious things with its email, its customers can switch to alternative ISPs. Moreover, many consumers want AOL to filter their email in order to prevent spam and viruses from being transmitted on their networks.

Civil liberties organizations like EFF and the ACLU properly take a confrontational posture any time they see signs that the government is trying to stifle free expression. But the same posture simply isn’t appropriate when they’re dealing with private companies. As I’ve written before that I don’t think this is the sort of thing EFF should be getting tangled up in in the first place. EFF’s core competence is in resisting censorship by the government. The tactics that work well against government censorship come across as unreasonable and cartoonish when directed at a private company.

Do you have a working carbon monoxide detector with a digital readout? If not, you might want to consider getting one. A good one. We have one, and yesterday it stopped me from going to sleep and never waking up. (Note: Readers who have any regard for my intellect will find it evaporate upon reading this story. Bear in mind that I have never made any claim to be especially smart, although from time to time someone who knows me will make the mistake of thinking so; I just read too much and ask too many questions).

We’d recently had a new furnace and air conditioner put in to our retro chic 70’s townhouse. There was a lot of wrassling with duct work. I noticed a hole in some of the older pipes, but didn’t think much of it; the hole was right front and center, and I’d assumed that whatever pipes it was in couldn’t possibly be the exhaust pipes… I mean, that would mean that the installers had been insane. Then a handyman working in our basement noticed the same thing, and told me that yes, those were the exhaust pipes, and I really needed to get someone to look at them. I called the furnace guys, who assured me that a small hole wouldn’t be a problem. I made them promise to send someone out anyway. It was Thursday, and they said they would send someone Monday. After all, we weren’t using the furnace…

Friday afternoon, after putting the Grub down for his nap and lying down myself, I was feeling oh so sleeeeepy, very sleeepy, sort of like I’d been hit on the head by a brick. I was just drifting off when the carbon monoxide detector, which is right next to my bed, starts shrieking at me. Furious, because it’s LOUD and immediately wakes up the Grub, I yank it out of the wall, open the windows, and (here’s where the idiocy comes in) I lie back down to take my nap. (Background: over the last couple years we have been plagued by false alarms from our smoke detectors, so that sort of explains my idiocy, but not quite, because it’s obvious when a smoke detector is giving a false alarm, but not at all with a CO detector, which is the whole point of having one). All I can think of is how tired I am, and how annoyed I would be if the Grub won’t fall back to sleep again. Then just by chance my husband calls. Now I’m REALLY annoyed because the phone just stops me from drifting off again and again wakes up the Grub. It’s my husband. We have a short conversation about how our respective days are going. I happen to mention that I’m annoyed because it is too noisy and the Grub isn’t napping. We

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Alcohol Liberation Front

by on April 21, 2006 · 8 comments

Would you like to meet the men and women behind the Technology Liberation Front? If you live in the DC area, here’s your chance! Several of your favorite TLF contributors will be getting together for a happy hour on Thursday April 27 from 5-7 PM at the Gordon Biersch Brewery in Chinatown, just across the street from the MCI Center (or whatever they’re calling it these days–damned mergers!). We’d love to have a few of our readers join us.

If you’re planning to attend, please leave a quick comment so we’ll have an idea of how many people to expect.

On Tuesday I had the pleasure of helping to show Dr. John Rutledge around Missouri. Rutledge was an architect of President Reagan’s economic policy in 1981, and today he’s actively involved in helping bring together American capital with Chinese businesses in the interests of promoting economic growth in both countries. Here’s his take on Missouri’s cable franchise reform debate:

Alice, who drives a cab for Best Taxi, told me “My cable bill is too high.” The Missouri Senate is sitting on a bill that would make it easier for new entrants in providing video services across the state. Similar laws, already passed in Texas, and Indiana have triggered price wars between new entrants and incumbent cable companies that have pushed prices for consumers down by about 50%. The legislators could give everyone in the state a $50/month tax cut and make Missouri more attractive for businesses at the same time. Wonder why they aren’t getting it done? The state Senator who is holding up the bill with the threat of filibuster is a former owner of cable stations. Now there is a coincidence. When I told this story to a receptionist she said, “I thought they were supposed to work for us.”

At a press conference with the Missouri Chamber of Commerce, Rutledge talked about the fact that in many cases, the lack of telecommunications infrastructure in the United States makes it easier to outsource service jobs to India and China than to a small town in America. He argued that franchise reform would be an important spur for increased infrastructure investment, which will have a positive economic impact that will extend far beyond the cable TV industry.

Of course, this is an issue that’s relevant beyond Missouri. We hear a lot about how the broadband market isn’t competitive enough. Well, this is one sure-fire way to increase broadband competition.

Epstein’s New Paper

by on April 20, 2006 · 14 comments

Richard Epstein has a new report on intellectual property. Epstein is a brilliant legal theorist (seriously–several of his books are classics of libertarian scholarship) but unfortunately, I think he analysis of IP issues–especially technology related IP issues–is hampered by his lack of familiarity with the underlying domain. Take this passage about open source, for example:

One ongoing question is how well open source stacks up against traditional proprietary software. Much depends on the scale of the enterprise. The decentralized methods for open source work well with small systems, but are difficult to maintain as the network expands–a problem that any proprietary system also faces in integrating backwards to existing products while introducing new products. In addition, loose cooperatives must organize to fend off outsiders claiming that the entire system incorporates their trade secrets or IP. The present SCO litigation, for example, puts the entire Linux system at risk on these grounds, prompting the formation of a litigation committee to coordinate the common defense. Right now at the heart of the movement lies a commercial joint venture spearheaded by well-established firms like IBM, Intel, and Hewlett-Packard, which develop service and proprietary programs that operate on top of an open source infrastructure. The new development gives ample testimony that no loose assemblage of voluntary contributors will be able to carry the day any longer.

To be honest, I’m not sure I follow the third sentence. I think that to the contrary, in many ways open source scales better than proprietary development models, because it takes advantage of the decentralized, spontaneous processes to solve problems rather than relying on hierarchical, top-down processes. Of course, generally speaking, large corporations like dealing with other large corporations for the IT needs, so it’s not surprising that IBM does a lot of business selling open source software (along with some of their own proprietary software) to Fortune 500 companies. But that’s not because open source can’t solve the technical problems of large companies. It’s simply that “open source,” as an idea, doesn’t have a sales force and can’t meet with corporate IT directors. IBM does, and can, so it tends to get the IT contracts. But most of the value was created by the volunteers who built the underlying software.

He then claims that “at the heart of the open source movement” are IBM, Intel, and HP. He doesn’t elaborate, but I assume he’s equating “open source” with “Linux.” This is misleading for several reasons. First of all, those companies might be spending the most money on Linux-related products, but they’re hardly the core of the Linux community. Linux is still developed by a decentralized group of mostly-volunteer programmers from a wide variety of institutions, led by Linus Torvalds. They probably don’t seem significant to Mr. Epstein because they don’t have PR departments or billion-dollar balance sheets, but they’re the ones who control the direction of the core product. The work of IBM, Intel, HP, and their ilk is largely focused on making Linux work better on their particular systems, as well as building software on top of Linux to meet the needs of particular clients. Obviously, that’s often helpful to the overall project, but it hardly puts Big Blue “at the heart” of the Linux effort.

But the broader point is that Linux is just one out of dozens of major, successful open source products that are used by millions of people every day–and most of them receive far less corporate support than does Linux. Most of them are programs that Epstein has probably never heard of–projects with names like Apache, Samba, Perl, Python, gcc, MySQL, KDE, Gnome, FreeBSD, OpenSSH–but that make up the “plumbing” that make the Internet work. Each of these projects has a core team made up of, well “a loose assemblage of voluntary contributors.” Some of them get corporate support, but that support is incidental to the projects’ viability in most cases. I can’t think of any recent developments that prove that the open source model will not “be able to carry the day any longer.” To the contrary, the open source development model continues to demonstrate its vitality by churning out spectacular products without significant corporate subsidies.

Now, obviously it wouldn’t be fair to expect a 50-something law professor to be intimately familiar with products like gcc and FreeBSD. Linux is the product that gets the most press, and IBM is the Linux contributor that gets the most attention, and so Epstein naturally assumes that IBM is the biggest driver of open source software.

It’s an understandable error, but these kinds of blind spots are dangerous when you’re doing public policy analysis. If you misdiagnose the source of innovation, you’re likely to misunderstand the institutions required to promote it. Computer geeks are the ones closest to the ground of high-tech innovation. When they’re shouting from the rooftops about problems with our IP system, I think the law professors of the world ought to pay a bit more attention to what they have to say.

Here We Go Again

by on April 19, 2006 · 8 comments

Cory Doctorow has a great post about the merits of network neutrality legislation:

What we’re talking about here is getting the FCC to write up rules dictating what firewall rules ISPs can and can’t have. I’m an ISP right now–my laptop is WiFi rebroadcasting the Ethernet Internet access I’m getting at my hotel. Anyone can be an ISP. Do we really want the Feds to tell us what we can and can’t do with our network configurations? Do we believe that they can move fast enough and smart enough to do a meaningful job of it?

Art Brodsky at Public Knowledge responds:

This is not about someone picking up a Wi-Fi signal in a hotel room and considering that to be an ISP. This debate doesn’t apply to Cory in his hotel room, and if that’s his concern, the definition of an ISP could be tightened to clarify he’s not offering service to the public as the law considers it. The current legislation, and the Net Neutrality debate, applies to the network operators which have the ability to discriminate.

Obviously, the FCC isn’t going to regulate Cory Doctorow’s laptop. But with all due respect to the otherwise astute Art Brodsky, these are precisely the kind of questions that’s likely to transform a seemingly clear standard into hopeless muddle once it’s turned over to the FCC. For example, is the hotel an ISP? What about Starbucks, which provides Internet access to hundreds of thousands of people through wireless access points? What about airport WiFi services?

And regardless of how the FCC decides those questions (and you can bet there’ll be intensive lobbying and litigation over the question) it will amount to the FCC deciding what firewall rules those ISPs are allowed to employ. Is the ISP allowed to take aggressive measures to block spam and spyware? Can it block peer-to-peer file-sharing services? Can purchase network equipment that increases the “jitter” in its networks, thereby discouraging VoIP services? If not, is the FCC going to make up a list of approved networking gear?

Now, I’m sure that for each of those questions, Brodsky has a reasonable answer and would tell us that Congress needs to “tighten up” the relevant definition to make sure that the FCC doesn’t come to an unreasonable conclusion. But that’s not the way politics works.

When Congress passed the 1996 telecom bill, it created a distinction between a “telecommunications service,” which was regulated under common-carriage rules, and an “information service,” which was mostly deregulated. The distinction seemed pretty clear at the time: telecom services carry voice, while information services carry data. But of course, it only took a couple of years before people started carrying voice over their data line, and transmitting data over old copper phone lines. The distinction became incoherent, and required a decade of litigation to resolve.

I’m sure that given the current state of technology and the current configuration of the telecom industry, Brodsky has a clear understanding of who’s an ISP and what counts as “discrimination.” It’s possible he’s right, although I’m skeptical. But even if he has a clear idea of how the rules should apply today, he can’t possibly be sure that the definitions Congress comes up with now will make sense in 10 years. Perhaps Cory’s laptop won’t be declared an ISP, but it’s a safe bet that some company will come along whose ISP status is ambiguous and lead to a lot of unnecessary litigation.

Frankly, I don’t understand what the big hurry is. Comcast and AT&T can’t break the neutral Internet overnight, even if they wanted to. Congress can always come back and pass new legislation if network discrimination becomes a serious problem. But in an industry that’s evolving as rapidly as this one is, let’s not cement today’s concepts into a law that will be in force for a decade or longer.

In my DCMA paper I note in passing the sad case of MP3.com, which settled its copyright lawsuit after losing its case in district court, and before it could appeal the case. What I didn’t realize is the reason the case wasn’t appealed.

I was delighted to receive an email from Michael Robertson, the founder of MP3.com (who has since founded Linspire and MP3tunes), who read the paper and wrote to explain why they didn’t appeal the case:

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Well it didn’t take long for a young, rebellious punk to turn into a paranoid, condescending parent. I’m already talking to my kids in ways that used to make me resent my own parents. And I’m already beginning to think about how to watch over their every move like a hawk to make sure that they stay out of trouble.

The difference between raising a kid today versus the past, however, is that technology–much to the dismay of independent-minded children–makes this task even easier for parents. In my recent paper discussing how”Parents Have Many Tools to Combat Objectionable Media Content,” I mentioned how new cell phones targeted to kids come embedded not only with a variety of parental controls, but also GPS / geo-location technology. This enables parents to monitor the movements of their children wherever they may go.

Even though my kids are still too young to have their own cell phones, I’ve already begun thinking about how I might use such tracking technologies in the future. Even though both of my kids are under five years of age, I sometimes sit around thinking about what they are doing or exactly where they are at. This is despite the fact that I know exactly where my kids are: My daughter is always at her pre-school and my son is always at home with our nanny. Yet, I’m still paranoid, and sometimes find myself wondering if they are exactly where they should be. Could they have wondered off? Are the teachers or my nanny taking the kids places I don’t know about? Has someone snatched them?!?

I know this is all quite pathetic in one sense, but that’s the sort of paranoid thinking that sometimes goes on in the heads of parents. And in my most paranoid moments, I sometimes think how cool it would be if I could just convert the wi-fi radar on my laptop (which searches for nearby hotspots and maps them on a big radar screen on my computer) into a kid-tracker instead. It could track their cell phones, or their GPS-enable watches or lunchboxes. Or perhaps even the RFID chip I could plant under their skin!

Again, this is the sort of stuff that what have driven me into to hyper-rebellion as a kid, especially as a teenager. The thought of my parents tracking my every move would have driven me nuts, and I my computer-nerd brother and I probably would have worked hard to defeat or trick any geo-location technologies that our parents might have tired to use with us. (My brother would have probably reprogrammed them to trace our cats instead of us.)

Is there a happy balance here? I think so.

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A Pro-DRM FCC Commissioner

by on April 18, 2006

Last night a FCC commissioner came out in favor of…DRM? Yes, at a reception sponsored by the DC Bar Association in her honor, Commissioner Deborah Taylor Tate, the newest addition to the FCC, spoke eloquently on a number of issues but perhaps most remarkable was her advocacy for strong copyright protections. Hailing from The Music City, Nashville, this former Tennessee Regulatory Commissioner proclaimed her love for country music and the artists that wish to use DRM to protect their content.

Now I have no beef with DRM and think content owners should be free to utilize any scheme they want if informed consumers are willing to spend money on it. But regardless of your views of DRM (and TLF bloggers differ I know), I don’t think any of us here want the FCC to get more involved in this matter. The broadcast flag was an FCC rule that allowed the recording of digital broadcasts only by approved hardware devices that could recognize whether or not a certain data stream can be recorded, or if there are any restrictions on recorded content. That rule was invalidated last year in a case before the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals, which found that the FCC had exceeded its authority by creating this rule.

Commissioner Tate said that despite the FCC’s lack of legal authority, she can still use her bully pulpit to bring awareness to content protection issues. Fair enough–policymakers, even Supreme Court justices, use their position of prominence to discuss many issues. The convergence of communications and copyright is indeed a legitimate policy issue. Hopefully Commissioner Tate will use her pulpit to advocate for market-driven solutions, not greater FCC authority. She would be effective at this too. She comes across as warm and engaging and persuasive.

Copyright protection shouldn’t be hindered by government through some sort of affirmative access requirement (see France). However, copyright protection shouldn’t be mandated by government either–hardware companies and content interests must learn to play together with the marketplace, not the Grand Ole FCC, as their venue.

There’s a crowd of people who still run around lamenting the death of the old UNE-P regulatory regime. They persist in their misguided belief that infrastructure sharing somehow offers us the path to broadband nirvana.

It’s all quite silly, of course. Forced sharing doesn’t lead to true infrastructure innovation or competition. Indeed, it leads to the exact opposite: technological stasis and plain vanilla networks. If you want real competition and innovation, you have to give carriers the incentive to invest in (and upgrade) their own networks with the promise that they will be able to reap the rewards of positive growth should it occur.

Still, the critcs persist, we’ll never have any real competition without some degree of infrastructure sharing. Nonsense! Let me cite a little statistical and anecdotal evidence to explain just how wrong the infrastructure socialists are.

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