Details on Visual Voicemail and Wireless Carterfone

by Tim Lee on July 10, 2007 · Comments

Over at Ars, Ken, Jacqui, and Clint have written their magnum opus on the iPhone. On page 9 (yes, the review is more than 10 pages long), we get an interesting tidbit about the visual voicemail feature:

Visual voicemail is a new feature introduced by AT&T and Apple with the iPhone that currently only “works” over AT&T’s network. Instead of requiring the user to dial up the carrier’s voicemail number and listen to his or her voicemails in the order that they were received, visual voicemail lists each message out in visual format on the iPhone, almost like e-mail. It displays who the voicemail is from (and if it doesn’t recognize the number, it will analyze the area code and tell you what geographical area it’s from, which is helpful), and the user can tap whichever one in the list that he or she wants, no matter its position in the list. When the voicemail is playing, the user can pause it, scrub back and forth in the message, or skip.

The way it works is actually not as magical as AT&T might like you to believe, although the technology is still AT&T-specific. The iPhone actually downloads sound clips of the voicemail messages off of AT&T’s server, presumably over EDGE, and stores them in temporary files on the iPhone’s flash storage. This allows the iPhone user to select messages to listen to out of order, because all he or she is doing is listening to an audio file. This is also what enables the user to scrub with the touchscreen and listen to different parts of the message. It’s a nifty bit of technology, but really only required AT&T’s voicemail servers to tell the iPhone when to download a new message, and then the iPhone takes care of the rest. In our tests, visual voicemail worked as advertised, and we had no trouble with it. It is, however, a feature that we would be more than willing to sacrifice if we had the opportunity to use an unlocked iPhone on another network. That said, Ken believes that this is a very significant development in the world of voicemail, and he hopes and prays that this becomes standard everywhere.

This is a question we’ve discussed several times here: how much special support is required on the network side to make visual voicemail work? The answer seems to be “some, but not as much as you might think.” That is, the network does have to notify the phone of when new messages are available, provide them for download to the phone, and accept status change notifications from the phone when the user has listened to or deleted them. But there doesn’t need to be tight integration between the phone and the network when the user is actually listening to the messages.

Come to think of it, another advantage this approach presumably has is that you shouldn’t have to be connected to the network to listen to your voicemail messages. Once they’re downloaded to your phone, you should be able to listen to them anywhere, even if you’re in a location that doesn’t get good reception.

Comments Posted in: Wireless & Spectrum Policy

  • Nick
    Trust the 3GPP and telco guys to reinvent everything from the internet world. Idiots of the first order!

    All you need is (a) a mechanism to inform a phone of a new message (b) an application on the phone that talks to a well known server and retrieves the message.

    For (a), you can use SMS or any proprietary messaging. For (b), you can use a proprietary app and server. But, heck, you could even use imap so the phone's voice mailbox is syncronised with the server's. Just put a candy wrapper so it doesn't look like you are talking email. And imap would give you much more, such as the ability to forward messages from one mail box to many others.

    Its possible to set this up in under a week. All you need is a linux/bsd box with a telephony card and an open source imap server. You can hack another open source email client written in java, python or whatever to be the phone client.

    Notice, I said phone, not iphone.
  • Jonathan Fitt
    Looks like they're just making use of Enhanced Voice Mail Information from 3GPP 23.040 section 9.2.3.24.13

    There's quite a lot of flexibility there.
  • Edward
    As discussed, visual voicemail was not so much new as just brought to the forefront by the release of the iphone. To me the best visual voicemail service out there iphone or not is Youmail
  • gmahe
    Dimitris,

    thanks for the explanation :)
    guess, if at all, we get a protocol log of Apple phone, it would be great!
  • dimitris

    gmahe:


    MMS also uses the same notify-with-pointer-to-real content delivery method. The "push" notification is still just a "special" SMS message. Without knowing anything about the internals of AT&T;'s network(*), the difference between implementing visual voicemail as MMS vs. EVMI doesn't seem that great: Either way, and only if you want voicemail delivery to the device without a voice call, you need a non-voice - probably HTTP - front end to the voicemail store. Doing it with MMS saves you from implementing EVMI in the voicemail/SMSC interface so maybe that's what they did.


    (*) except observing as a user that their - or their international gateway's - SMSCs have issues with some non-english characters in the GSM alphabet and - as of some time ago - severe bugs with multi-PDU SMS

  • gmahe
    Dimitris,

    Thanks for the detailed explanation. Yes, infact the main point which i am still pondering over is, how IPhone retrieves the voicemail message and stores in the phone.
    Because i am not sure whether AT&T; would've modified /added any changes in the network side for this feature apart from the octet info mentioned in 3GPP Spec for SMS.
    So if we assume that there are no network side changes, then can it be possible for the voicemail server to directly send the voicemail messages as MMS to the phone?

    thanks
  • dimitris

    gmahe: There's no way to fit audio inside an SMS: These go over the control channel of GSM networks; texting began life as something of a hack in the early days of GSM, it wasn't completely planned for. Thus the payload is limited to 140 ASCII-ish characters. You can chain up to - theoretically - 65536 PDUs to make one mega-message, but when thousands of these are being sent around it would probably cause severe control channel hoggage, which is bad.


    If the Enhanced Voice Mail Information feature is being used, then what's probably happening is that the EVMI SMS is being used as the "push" notification that there is a voicemail state change. That contains the calling line ID of the voicemail sender (VM_MESSAGE_CALLING_LINE_IDENTITY), so you can match that to the contact database and drive the "visual voicemail" display.


    EVMI also contains a VM_MESSAGE_ID field, so one can envision a "web service" (using the term loosely) API to the voicemail servers which takes that ID as a parameter. The iPhone can then invoke that API and retrieve the messages.


    Of course the above is all a guess. But if one could examine the SMS PDU received by the iPhone when new voicemail is available, it might shed some light. Unfortunately that requires warranty-voiding surgery, as you have to remove the iPhone SIM and put it in a GSM device that gives you access to the PDUs (most of them do).


    Hmm... Come to think of it, maybe, just maybe, the iPhone does too. I'd be surprised, but it's not impossible. One of these days I should go to the local Apple store and do some Bluetooth poking ;-)


    The point is that this is hardly earth-shattering stuff, technically.

  • gmahe
    Hi Dimitris,

    As per the spec, only the pdu information are mentioned. There is no specific information as whether the audio (corresponding to voicemail msg) is transferred as part of the SMS and also no octets specified for the same.
    Is there any other section in the spec which talks about this?

    thanks
  • dimitris

    I forgot to mention that the existing 3GPP/GSM standard on SMS contains all the (optional) protocol support needed for visual voicemail, namely the Enhanced Voice Mail Information record in the User Data section of a SMS packet.


    It would be interesting to inspect a voicemail notification SMS on AT&T;'s network, both for an iPhone account and for a non-iPhone account, to see if they've enabled this on all accounts, just iPhone accounts, or if they rolled their own protocol.

  • dimitris

    So, 30+ years after email and 15ish years after MIME, the masters of innovation also known as telcos master the audio attachment.


    I wonder if this is one of the items of intellectual proper-taah that Jobs said would be vigorously defended during the iPhone unveiling.

  • Tom Coseven
    Apple's approach is basically MMS, which has been in the market for 5 years now. One selling point, as you note, is being able access messages offline. The server centric approach is even older (about 15 years) as part of unified messaging. Companies have had little success selling this unified messaging in a fixed-line desktop or phone paradigm, but Apple plus mobile may be the formula. Other companies (without Apple's flair) have tried to apply unified messaging to mobile with little success (e.g., Callwave).
blog comments powered by Disqus

Previous post:

Next post: