Grokster: No Impetus for New Copyright Legislation
At the Congressional Internet Caucus Advisory Committee panel discussion on Tuesday, most people seemed to agree on one point about the Grokster decision - we don’t need new copyright legislation (at least not yet).
This general consensus concurs with my recent article on Grokster. It’s just too early to tell how the courts will apply the court’s active inducement test. And I’ve heard it said somewhere that it takes three years to feel the effects of a Supreme Court decision (not including grants of habeas corpus petitions of course).
Yet some groups want action now. According to EFF’s Fred von Lohmann, “the Supreme Court left too many unanswered questions, von Lohmann said, adding, “I don’t believe that uncertainty is balance. We need clear, bright-line rules so that technology companies can know in advance what they are and are not allowed to build.”
According to the CNET article in which he was quoted, von Lohmann suggested two possible ways to legislate:
First, Congress should implement a “collective licensing” system for peer-to-peer file sharing, wherein users would pay a “reasonable fee,” which would in turn be passed on to the copyright holders. Second, lawmakers should scrap the idea of statutory damages–that is, money awarded to copyright owners because of provisions in the law–but leave open the option of awarding actual damages and injunctions through the court action.
As my astute intern for this summer, Dan Corbett, observed:
I think collective licensing is a great idea, but only if it’s voluntary. I think the Grokster fallout is going to be an interesting time for technology. I’m not a fan of the decision, but I know it could have been much worse. Thankfully technology still has room to breathe, and in time, I think we’ll be seeing some cool new ways to enjoy music that fit with the new Grokster standard.
And as for a bright-line test? A terrible, terrible idea. Granted, it would give new technologies a better idea of what to expect, but it would invalidate many technologies before they even got off the ground. A bright-line test is only a good thing if the alternative were a sloppily applied Grokster (and one that ignored Sony, too), which I hope won’t be the case.
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Recall that statutory damages were conceived long before P2P; both the types of defendants and the nature of the crimes were completely different in the era in which statutory damages were conceived.
It is, in my opinion, a manifest evil to allow corporations to sue individuals for hundreds of thousands of dollars for downloading a single song. The crime should be more like a traffic ticket, with maybe a fine of $40.00 or so. This would be a reasonable amount that would roughly correspond to the actual damages that the copyright owner incurred.
It would also be appropriate to re-align the amount at issue in recognizance of the significant loss of due process to the defendants that has occurred in the prosecution of illegal file downloading. An interesting parallelism exists here between illegal file downloading and traffic laws: No one expects completely perfect due process in the case of a traffic ticket for these reasons:
1. The traffic laws must be enforced for the proper and safe functioning of public infrastructure.
2. The fines are relatively modest
On the whole, then, people can accept less then perfect due process when a critical public infrastructure needs efficient governance in order to continue to function. The P2P is just such a public network, albeit an incipient one.
The record labels will at first resist this, but if they really stop to think about it, there's a lot for them in this. My concern would be however that we need a balance of the due process/damages and we shouldn't sacrifice too much in the way of due process to get efficient market clearing motivations to operate. (Not enough space in this forum to elaborate on this, but it could be an interesting topic for further study)
Everyone ultimately benefits when all stakeholders perceive the rules to fair. Right now, the rules are tilted dramatically for the large corporations, and against the users of P2P networks.
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In the case of digital copyright, statutory damages can admittedly become very high, very fast. Remember mp3.com? But with the advent of legal downloading, and with all the economic studies conducted to place a value on the amount of $ the recording industry has lost (or not last, depending on the study), perhaps actual damages or lost profits would be easy to calculate, negating the need for statutory damages.
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