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	<title>Comments on: Writers, Programmers, and Patents</title>
	<atom:link href="http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/</link>
	<description>Keeping politicians&#039; hands off the Net &#38; everything else related to technology</description>
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		<title>By: Vorlath</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-53925</link>
		<dc:creator>Vorlath</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2007 02:13:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-53925</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Software should have the same laws as music.  Can you patent music if you put it on a CD meant to be played on a CD player?  I hope not.  Software is the same.  Instructions are nothing more than notes that activates a specific response in the machine whenever the &#039;reader head&#039; passes over it.  End of story.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Software should have the same laws as music.  Can you patent music if you put it on a CD meant to be played on a CD player?  I hope not.  Software is the same.  Instructions are nothing more than notes that activates a specific response in the machine whenever the &#8216;reader head&#8217; passes over it.  End of story.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Vorlath</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-37707</link>
		<dc:creator>Vorlath</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Mar 2007 01:13:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-37707</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Software should have the same laws as music.  Can you patent music if you put it on a CD meant to be played on a CD player?  I hope not.  Software is the same.  Instructions are nothing more than notes that activates a specific response in the machine whenever the &#039;reader head&#039; passes over it.  End of story.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Software should have the same laws as music.  Can you patent music if you put it on a CD meant to be played on a CD player?  I hope not.  Software is the same.  Instructions are nothing more than notes that activates a specific response in the machine whenever the &#8216;reader head&#8217; passes over it.  End of story.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: False Data</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-53924</link>
		<dc:creator>False Data</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Mar 2007 15:10:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-53924</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the really difficult issues with line-drawing are likely to arise in areas such as embedded software.  Should an FM radio be patentable?  What about a software radio that has exactly the same functionality with fewer parts?  Should a defibrillator be patentable?  What about one that shapes the voltage based on heart activity? Would it make a difference if the voltage-shaping feature were implemented in hardware or in software?  Should the voltage-shaping feature be independently patentable?  Even if implemented entirely in software?  The lines get fuzzy because the distinction between hardware and software is fuzzy--there is an area of overlap in which you can achieve the same goal using either.  You could choose a bright line rule saying no feature is patentable if implemented entirely in software, even if it accomplishes the same goal as one implemented in hardware, but you&#039;d need policy reasons for making such a distinction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The second point you raise about having to interact on a daily basis with lawyers is valid but not unique to software.  We might all benefit from empirical data on whether patents are a net gain or net loss to innovation, coupled with research to identify the significant traits of the industry that determine what effect patents are likely to have.  For example, patents might slow development in rapidly moving areas such as software in which the industry norm is to protect trade secrets, or it may be that the effort we put into preventing reverse engineering and guarding our trade secrets is more expensive than having the lawyers working with the programmers.  We might have a gut feeling on this question--I certainly do--but too much legislation in this world gets made on gut feelings that turn out to be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It seems to me that the really difficult issues with line-drawing are likely to arise in areas such as embedded software.  Should an FM radio be patentable?  What about a software radio that has exactly the same functionality with fewer parts?  Should a defibrillator be patentable?  What about one that shapes the voltage based on heart activity? Would it make a difference if the voltage-shaping feature were implemented in hardware or in software?  Should the voltage-shaping feature be independently patentable?  Even if implemented entirely in software?  The lines get fuzzy because the distinction between hardware and software is fuzzy&#8211;there is an area of overlap in which you can achieve the same goal using either.  You could choose a bright line rule saying no feature is patentable if implemented entirely in software, even if it accomplishes the same goal as one implemented in hardware, but you&#8217;d need policy reasons for making such a distinction.</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>The second point you raise about having to interact on a daily basis with lawyers is valid but not unique to software.  We might all benefit from empirical data on whether patents are a net gain or net loss to innovation, coupled with research to identify the significant traits of the industry that determine what effect patents are likely to have.  For example, patents might slow development in rapidly moving areas such as software in which the industry norm is to protect trade secrets, or it may be that the effort we put into preventing reverse engineering and guarding our trade secrets is more expensive than having the lawyers working with the programmers.  We might have a gut feeling on this question&#8211;I certainly do&#8211;but too much legislation in this world gets made on gut feelings that turn out to be wrong.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: MikeT</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-53923</link>
		<dc:creator>MikeT</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Mar 2007 15:02:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-53923</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I still think the ridiculously low cost of entry into software development, combined with the potential profit to be had, negate the need for patents. It&#039;d be like arguing for 17+ year monopolies on drugs in a world where a life-saving drug doesn&#039;t cost $1B to make, but $10M-$20M, and can be put on the market within no more than three years of getting started.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I still think the ridiculously low cost of entry into software development, combined with the potential profit to be had, negate the need for patents. It&#8217;d be like arguing for 17+ year monopolies on drugs in a world where a life-saving drug doesn&#8217;t cost $1B to make, but $10M-$20M, and can be put on the market within no more than three years of getting started.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: False Data</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-37706</link>
		<dc:creator>False Data</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Mar 2007 14:10:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-37706</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;It seems to me that the really difficult issues with line-drawing are likely to arise in areas such as embedded software.  Should an FM radio be patentable?  What about a software radio that has exactly the same functionality with fewer parts?  Should a defibrillator be patentable?  What about one that shapes the voltage based on heart activity? Would it make a difference if the voltage-shaping feature were implemented in hardware or in software?  Should the voltage-shaping feature be independently patentable?  Even if implemented entirely in software?  The lines get fuzzy because the distinction between hardware and software is fuzzy--there is an area of overlap in which you can achieve the same goal using either.  You could choose a bright line rule saying no feature is patentable if implemented entirely in software, even if it accomplishes the same goal as one implemented in hardware, but you&#039;d need policy reasons for making such a distinction.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The second point you raise about having to interact on a daily basis with lawyers is valid but not unique to software.  We might all benefit from empirical data on whether patents are a net gain or net loss to innovation, coupled with research to identify the significant traits of the industry that determine what effect patents are likely to have.  For example, patents might slow development in rapidly moving areas such as software in which the industry norm is to protect trade secrets, or it may be that the effort we put into preventing reverse engineering and guarding our trade secrets is more expensive than having the lawyers working with the programmers.  We might have a gut feeling on this question--I certainly do--but too much legislation in this world gets made on gut feelings that turn out to be wrong.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It seems to me that the really difficult issues with line-drawing are likely to arise in areas such as embedded software.  Should an FM radio be patentable?  What about a software radio that has exactly the same functionality with fewer parts?  Should a defibrillator be patentable?  What about one that shapes the voltage based on heart activity? Would it make a difference if the voltage-shaping feature were implemented in hardware or in software?  Should the voltage-shaping feature be independently patentable?  Even if implemented entirely in software?  The lines get fuzzy because the distinction between hardware and software is fuzzy&#8211;there is an area of overlap in which you can achieve the same goal using either.  You could choose a bright line rule saying no feature is patentable if implemented entirely in software, even if it accomplishes the same goal as one implemented in hardware, but you&#8217;d need policy reasons for making such a distinction.</p>

<p>The second point you raise about having to interact on a daily basis with lawyers is valid but not unique to software.  We might all benefit from empirical data on whether patents are a net gain or net loss to innovation, coupled with research to identify the significant traits of the industry that determine what effect patents are likely to have.  For example, patents might slow development in rapidly moving areas such as software in which the industry norm is to protect trade secrets, or it may be that the effort we put into preventing reverse engineering and guarding our trade secrets is more expensive than having the lawyers working with the programmers.  We might have a gut feeling on this question&#8211;I certainly do&#8211;but too much legislation in this world gets made on gut feelings that turn out to be wrong.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: MikeT</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-37705</link>
		<dc:creator>MikeT</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Mar 2007 14:02:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-37705</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I still think the ridiculously low cost of entry into software development, combined with the potential profit to be had, negate the need for patents. It&#039;d be like arguing for 17+ year monopolies on drugs in a world where a life-saving drug doesn&#039;t cost $1B to make, but $10M-$20M, and can be put on the market within no more than three years of getting started.&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I still think the ridiculously low cost of entry into software development, combined with the potential profit to be had, negate the need for patents. It&#8217;d be like arguing for 17+ year monopolies on drugs in a world where a life-saving drug doesn&#8217;t cost $1B to make, but $10M-$20M, and can be put on the market within no more than three years of getting started.</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Noel Le</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-53922</link>
		<dc:creator>Noel Le</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Mar 2007 00:53:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-53922</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Hmmm. You make some good points here Tim, but one or two analogies make the argument less serious.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&#039;better than that pizzaright analogy you used one time though. Oh man...&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hmmm. You make some good points here Tim, but one or two analogies make the argument less serious.<br /><br />&#8216;better than that pizzaright analogy you used one time though. Oh man&#8230;</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: dimitris</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-53921</link>
		<dc:creator>dimitris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Mar 2007 00:49:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-53921</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I think it&#039;s fine to treat prose as special.  In fact, prose may hold a key to highlighting the big software/business process patent bug, obviousness, to laypersons.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Non-programmers don&#039;t understand the problem in its original domain, so do what mathematicians do:  Transform it to a different domain:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;Inventions&quot; which can be communicated by prose that cannot reasonably claim copyright protection are inherently obvious:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Hey, how about storing a shopper&#039;s payment and shipping preferences as a cookie?&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even if I claim copyright on the above prose, you can get around my one-click shopping &quot;invention&quot; by phrasing it as:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;At Tim&#039;s E-store, we let you store a standing &quot;Our Reference:&quot; in your electronic purchase orders on our system, using your browser&#039;s cookie system&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are virtually infinite different, non-copyright-infringing texts that convey the one-click idea &lt;b&gt;with enough information for a practitioner in the art to duplicate&lt;/b&gt;.  So it&#039;s obvious, as is, for example:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;We&#039;ll ship a DVD to the customer, and the envelope will be reusable for the return trip.  We&#039;ll charge a flat fee per month for unlimited DVD rentals.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;(Ironically, it seems the latter &quot;invention&quot; precluded the &quot;inventor&quot; of the former from offering a competing service in the US.  They did, in the UK, since the DVD business model patent was probably invalid.  As was their one-click patent.  Sweetness.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, I can&#039;t see how any prose that describes the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IDEA&lt;/a&gt; encryption algorithm can be rephrased without producing a version that, for copyright purposes, is 100% derived.  Neither I nor the lawyer are practitioners in the mathematical art, &lt;b&gt;but we don&#039;t need to be to understand that the mathematics in the description is what makes the invention work&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So, again, it&#039;s not algorithms &lt;b&gt;versus&lt;/b&gt; prose.  It can be attacked, however, as the copyright relationship between two pieces of prose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Making the lawyers understand that is left as an exercise to the reader :-)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think it&#8217;s fine to treat prose as special.  In fact, prose may hold a key to highlighting the big software/business process patent bug, obviousness, to laypersons.</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>Non-programmers don&#8217;t understand the problem in its original domain, so do what mathematicians do:  Transform it to a different domain:</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>&#8220;Inventions&#8221; which can be communicated by prose that cannot reasonably claim copyright protection are inherently obvious:</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p><blockquote>Hey, how about storing a shopper&#8217;s payment and shipping preferences as a cookie?</blockquote></p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>Even if I claim copyright on the above prose, you can get around my one-click shopping &#8220;invention&#8221; by phrasing it as:</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p><blockquote>At Tim&#8217;s E-store, we let you store a standing &#8220;Our Reference:&#8221; in your electronic purchase orders on our system, using your browser&#8217;s cookie system</blockquote></p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>There are virtually infinite different, non-copyright-infringing texts that convey the one-click idea <b>with enough information for a practitioner in the art to duplicate</b>.  So it&#8217;s obvious, as is, for example:</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p><blockquote>We&#8217;ll ship a DVD to the customer, and the envelope will be reusable for the return trip.  We&#8217;ll charge a flat fee per month for unlimited DVD rentals.</blockquote></p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>(Ironically, it seems the latter &#8220;invention&#8221; precluded the &#8220;inventor&#8221; of the former from offering a competing service in the US.  They did, in the UK, since the DVD business model patent was probably invalid.  As was their one-click patent.  Sweetness.)</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>On the other hand, I can&#8217;t see how any prose that describes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm" rel="nofollow">IDEA</a> encryption algorithm can be rephrased without producing a version that, for copyright purposes, is 100% derived.  Neither I nor the lawyer are practitioners in the mathematical art, <b>but we don&#8217;t need to be to understand that the mathematics in the description is what makes the invention work</b></p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>So, again, it&#8217;s not algorithms <b>versus</b> prose.  It can be attacked, however, as the copyright relationship between two pieces of prose.</p>

<p><br /></p>

<p>Making the lawyers understand that is left as an exercise to the reader <img src='http://techliberation.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: Noel Le</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-37704</link>
		<dc:creator>Noel Le</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Mar 2007 23:53:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-37704</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;Hmmm. You make some good points here Tim, but one or two analogies make the argument less serious.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&#039;better than that pizzaright analogy you used one time though. Oh man...&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hmmm. You make some good points here Tim, but one or two analogies make the argument less serious.</p>

<p>&#8216;better than that pizzaright analogy you used one time though. Oh man&#8230;</p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>By: dimitris</title>
		<link>http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/comment-page-1/#comment-37703</link>
		<dc:creator>dimitris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Mar 2007 23:49:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://techliberation.com/2007/03/26/writers-programmers-and-patents/#comment-37703</guid>
		<description>&lt;p&gt;I think it&#039;s fine to treat prose as special.  In fact, prose may hold a key to highlighting the big software/business process patent bug, obviousness, to laypersons.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Non-programmers don&#039;t understand the problem in its original domain, so do what mathematicians do:  Transform it to a different domain:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&quot;Inventions&quot; which can be communicated by prose that cannot reasonably claim copyright protection are inherently obvious:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Hey, how about storing a shopper&#039;s payment and shipping preferences as a cookie?&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Even if I claim copyright on the above prose, you can get around my one-click shopping &quot;invention&quot; by phrasing it as:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;At Tim&#039;s E-store, we let you store a standing &quot;Our Reference:&quot; in your electronic purchase orders on our system, using your browser&#039;s cookie system&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;There are virtually infinite different, non-copyright-infringing texts that convey the one-click idea &lt;b&gt;with enough information for a practitioner in the art to duplicate&lt;/b&gt;.  So it&#039;s obvious, as is, for example:&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;We&#039;ll ship a DVD to the customer, and the envelope will be reusable for the return trip.  We&#039;ll charge a flat fee per month for unlimited DVD rentals.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;(Ironically, it seems the latter &quot;invention&quot; precluded the &quot;inventor&quot; of the former from offering a competing service in the US.  They did, in the UK, since the DVD business model patent was probably invalid.  As was their one-click patent.  Sweetness.)&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;On the other hand, I can&#039;t see how any prose that describes the &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;IDEA&lt;/a&gt; encryption algorithm can be rephrased without producing a version that, for copyright purposes, is 100% derived.  Neither I nor the lawyer are practitioners in the mathematical art, &lt;b&gt;but we don&#039;t need to be to understand that the mathematics in the description is what makes the invention work&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;So, again, it&#039;s not algorithms &lt;b&gt;versus&lt;/b&gt; prose.  It can be attacked, however, as the copyright relationship between two pieces of prose.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Making the lawyers understand that is left as an exercise to the reader :-)&lt;/p&gt;
</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I think it&#8217;s fine to treat prose as special.  In fact, prose may hold a key to highlighting the big software/business process patent bug, obviousness, to laypersons.</p>

<p>Non-programmers don&#8217;t understand the problem in its original domain, so do what mathematicians do:  Transform it to a different domain:</p>

<p>&#8220;Inventions&#8221; which can be communicated by prose that cannot reasonably claim copyright protection are inherently obvious:</p>

<p><blockquote>Hey, how about storing a shopper&#8217;s payment and shipping preferences as a cookie?</blockquote></p>

<p>Even if I claim copyright on the above prose, you can get around my one-click shopping &#8220;invention&#8221; by phrasing it as:</p>

<p><blockquote>At Tim&#8217;s E-store, we let you store a standing &#8220;Our Reference:&#8221; in your electronic purchase orders on our system, using your browser&#8217;s cookie system</blockquote></p>

<p>There are virtually infinite different, non-copyright-infringing texts that convey the one-click idea <b>with enough information for a practitioner in the art to duplicate</b>.  So it&#8217;s obvious, as is, for example:</p>

<p><blockquote>We&#8217;ll ship a DVD to the customer, and the envelope will be reusable for the return trip.  We&#8217;ll charge a flat fee per month for unlimited DVD rentals.</blockquote></p>

<p>(Ironically, it seems the latter &#8220;invention&#8221; precluded the &#8220;inventor&#8221; of the former from offering a competing service in the US.  They did, in the UK, since the DVD business model patent was probably invalid.  As was their one-click patent.  Sweetness.)</p>

<p>On the other hand, I can&#8217;t see how any prose that describes the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm" rel="nofollow">IDEA</a> encryption algorithm can be rephrased without producing a version that, for copyright purposes, is 100% derived.  Neither I nor the lawyer are practitioners in the mathematical art, <b>but we don&#8217;t need to be to understand that the mathematics in the description is what makes the invention work</b></p>

<p>So, again, it&#8217;s not algorithms <b>versus</b> prose.  It can be attacked, however, as the copyright relationship between two pieces of prose.</p>

<p>Making the lawyers understand that is left as an exercise to the reader <img src='http://techliberation.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':-)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>]]></content:encoded>
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